Raspberry Camera API

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=== Probably replaced by LIBCAMERA - on bullseye version of Raspberry Pi Linux ===
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== Camera use ==
  
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Raspberry pi operating system version "bullseye" uses a new camera library.
  
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===Raspicam===
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The info is taken from https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html#libcamera-and-libcamera-apps?ref=https://githubhelp.com
  
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To be used from C++ direct or through openCV.
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=== LibCamera ===
  
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A rather short raspberry pi camera API is available from https://www.uco.es/investiga/grupos/ava/node/40.
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If not already installed, install with
  
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And can be downloaded from https://sourceforge.net/projects/raspicam/files/,
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sudo apt install libcamera-apps
  
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or get the file from sourceforge with no GUI, with (there may be newer versions):
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It should not be needed to install libcamera-dev
  
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cd ~/Downloads
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==== Camera streaming ====
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wget --no-check-certificate -O raspicam-0.1.9.zip https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/raspicam/raspicam-0.1.9.zip?r=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fraspicam%2F%3Fsource%3Dtyp_redirect&ts=1486483484&use_mirror=netix
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Once fetched and available on the raspberry, then
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The libcamera library can do streaming out of the box with the command:
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Unpack and install:
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unzip raspicam-0.1.9.zip
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cd raspicam-0.1.9
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mkdir build
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cd build
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cmake ..
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make -j3
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sudo make install
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sudo ldconfig
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The library is installed in /usr/local, and therefore to make cmake find it the path needs to be added to startup configuration, in file ~/.bashrc
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libcamera-vid -n -t 0 --inline --listen --rotation 0 --framerate 30 --width 1920 --height 1080 -o tcp://0.0.0.0:8888
  
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cd
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It will listen to port 8888 for TCP connections on the localhost.
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nano ~/.bashrc
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add at the end:
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export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/usr/local/lib
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source ~/.bashrc  # to implement export
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Test with openCV
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From another PC the stream can be displayed by VLC, (or the same parameter in the VLC "media" -> "open network stream")
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  raspicam_cv_test
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That takes 100 images and saves 3.
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vlc tcp/h264://192.168.2.14:8888
  
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=== Camera streamer ===
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if 192.168.2.14 is the IP of the Raspberry pi.
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The streaming will terminate when the VLC stops the connection.
  
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To download the project you will need a source control system called git. It may not be installed on a fresh image. I know it’s not on the lite image. So you may need to install it.
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A start-script is placed in the "local" home folder.
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sudo apt-get install git
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Now that you have git installed, use it to clone a copy of the mjpg-streamer to your Pi.
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./stream_cam.sh
  
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git clone https://github.com/jacksonliam/mjpg-streamer.git
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with examples of different solutions.
  
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After the cloned copy of the mjpeg-stream has been coppied to the raspberry-pi, follow these steps.
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== camera from OpenCV ==
  
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cd mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/
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The raspberry cameras seem to prefer 10 bit/pixel in Bayer RGGB format - other formats are not consistent for both new and old camera.
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make -j4    # optional CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
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sudo make install
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Make a script to start the streamer
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=== Format check ===
  
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cd
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Install package v4l-utils (also installed by default)
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nano start-stream.sh
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copy this into the file (uncomment only one line - the others are examples for other resolutions - edit as desired)
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sudo apt install v4l-utils
  
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#!/bin/bash
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The supported image formats from both cameras are:
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#mjpg_streamer -i "input_raspicam.so -y 1600 -x 1200 -fps 5 -rot 90" -o output_http.so
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mjpg_streamer -i "input_raspicam.so -y 972 -x 1296 -fps 3 -rot=0" -o output_http.so
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#mjpg_streamer -i "input_raspicam.so -y 600 -x 800 -fps 3 -rot=0" -o output_http.so
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#mjpg_streamer -i "input_raspicam.so -y 640 -x 480 -fps 5" -o output_http.so
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Change the file to be executable
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v4l2-ctl -d/dev/video0 --list-formats
  
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  chmod +x start-stream.sh
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  ioctl: VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT
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        Type: Video Capture
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        [0]: 'BA81' (8-bit Bayer BGBG/GRGR)
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        [1]: 'pBAA' (10-bit Bayer BGBG/GRGR Packed)
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        [2]: 'BG10' (10-bit Bayer BGBG/GRGR)
  
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=== Start streaming at boot ===
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For the used format 'BG10' the frame sizes supported is found
  
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Start of applications can be controlled by the /etc/rc.local script:
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v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --list-framesizes BG10
  
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  nano /etc/rc.local
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  ioctl: VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES
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        Size: Discrete 2592x1944
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        Size: Discrete 1920x1080
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        Size: Discrete 1296x972
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        Size: Discrete 640x480
  
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add the following lines before 'exit 0' (close to the end)
 
  
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# start camera streaming
 
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su - local /home/local/start-stream.sh &
 
  
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Copy and 'shift-ctrl-v' will do
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But formats can be converted to other formats, visible as other video devices e.g /dev/video12.
  
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Comment the last line (su - local /home/local/start-stream.sh &) if camera streaming should not start.
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v4l2-ctl -d/dev/video12 --list-formats
  
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to stop streaming use (if started)
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ioctl: VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT
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        Type: Video Capture Multiplanar
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        [0]: 'YUYV' (YUYV 4:2:2)
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        [1]: 'YVYU' (YVYU 4:2:2)
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        [2]: 'VYUY' (VYUY 4:2:2)
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        [3]: 'UYVY' (UYVY 4:2:2)
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        [4]: 'YU12' (Planar YUV 4:2:0)
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        [5]: 'YV12' (Planar YVU 4:2:0)
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        [6]: 'RGB3' (24-bit RGB 8-8-8)
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        [7]: 'BGR3' (24-bit BGR 8-8-8)
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        [8]: 'BGR4' (32-bit BGRA/X 8-8-8-8)
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        [9]: 'RGBP' (16-bit RGB 5-6-5)
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        [10]: 'NV12' (Y/CbCr 4:2:0)
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        [11]: 'NV21' (Y/CrCb 4:2:0)
  
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pkill mjpg_streamer
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Format BA81 did not give a proper result for both cameras.
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I didn't succeed in using the converted formats, maybe because they are based on the BA81 format.
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Format 'BG10' works for both cameras and is easily converted to RGB format using OpenCV (https://docs.opencv.org/3.4/db/d64/tutorial_js_colorspaces.html).
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=== Watch camera stream ===
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When the robot is on a net connection - cable or wifi - you can watch the stream from a browser
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for streaming:
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HTTP://jasmin.local:8080/?action=stream
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or for a snapshot
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HTTP://jasmin.local:8080/?action=snapshot
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where jasmin should be replaced with the robot name, or jasmin.local can be replaced with the IP address.
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Latest revision as of 14:49, 4 January 2022

Back to Robobot

Contents

[edit] Camera use

Raspberry pi operating system version "bullseye" uses a new camera library.

The info is taken from https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html#libcamera-and-libcamera-apps?ref=https://githubhelp.com

[edit] LibCamera

If not already installed, install with 

sudo apt install libcamera-apps

It should not be needed to install libcamera-dev

[edit] Camera streaming

The libcamera library can do streaming out of the box with the command: 

libcamera-vid -n -t 0 --inline --listen --rotation 0 --framerate 30 --width 1920 --height 1080 -o tcp://0.0.0.0:8888

It will listen to port 8888 for TCP connections on the localhost.

From another PC the stream can be displayed by VLC, (or the same parameter in the VLC "media" -> "open network stream") 

vlc tcp/h264://192.168.2.14:8888

if 192.168.2.14 is the IP of the Raspberry pi. The streaming will terminate when the VLC stops the connection.

A start-script is placed in the "local" home folder. 

./stream_cam.sh

with examples of different solutions.

[edit] camera from OpenCV

The raspberry cameras seem to prefer 10 bit/pixel in Bayer RGGB format - other formats are not consistent for both new and old camera.

[edit] Format check

Install package v4l-utils (also installed by default) 

sudo apt install v4l-utils

The supported image formats from both cameras are: 

v4l2-ctl -d/dev/video0 --list-formats

ioctl: VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT
       Type: Video Capture
       [0]: 'BA81' (8-bit Bayer BGBG/GRGR)
       [1]: 'pBAA' (10-bit Bayer BGBG/GRGR Packed)
       [2]: 'BG10' (10-bit Bayer BGBG/GRGR)

For the used format 'BG10' the frame sizes supported is found 

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --list-framesizes BG10

ioctl: VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES
       Size: Discrete 2592x1944
       Size: Discrete 1920x1080
       Size: Discrete 1296x972
       Size: Discrete 640x480


But formats can be converted to other formats, visible as other video devices e.g /dev/video12. 

v4l2-ctl -d/dev/video12 --list-formats

ioctl: VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT
       Type: Video Capture Multiplanar
       [0]: 'YUYV' (YUYV 4:2:2)
       [1]: 'YVYU' (YVYU 4:2:2)
       [2]: 'VYUY' (VYUY 4:2:2)
       [3]: 'UYVY' (UYVY 4:2:2)
       [4]: 'YU12' (Planar YUV 4:2:0)
       [5]: 'YV12' (Planar YVU 4:2:0)
       [6]: 'RGB3' (24-bit RGB 8-8-8)
       [7]: 'BGR3' (24-bit BGR 8-8-8)
       [8]: 'BGR4' (32-bit BGRA/X 8-8-8-8)
       [9]: 'RGBP' (16-bit RGB 5-6-5)
       [10]: 'NV12' (Y/CbCr 4:2:0)
       [11]: 'NV21' (Y/CrCb 4:2:0)

Format BA81 did not give a proper result for both cameras. I didn't succeed in using the converted formats, maybe because they are based on the BA81 format. Format 'BG10' works for both cameras and is easily converted to RGB format using OpenCV (https://docs.opencv.org/3.4/db/d64/tutorial_js_colorspaces.html).

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